Time Domain Electromagnetics
Time Domain Electromagnetic Methods measure contrasts in electrical resistivity, and have a broad range of applications, including geothermal exploration, water resource evaluations and mineral exploration. The depth of investigation varies depending on the instrument used and the geologic conditions, but ranges from about 20 feet to over 1000 feet below ground surface. ZAPATA has broad experience using TDEM methods in all of these applications, and uses the Protem Receiver coupled with the various Transmitters manufactured by Geonics of Toronto, Canada.


